How to Talk About the Parts of the Body in Italian

How to Talk About the Parts of the Body in Italian While chatting about body parts isn’t something that’s often a part of small talk, the necessity of knowing body part of Italian vocabulary pops at the most unexpected times. Besides the typical doctor situation, it comes up in many Italian proverbs, when describing physical characteristics of a person, and in famous children’s songs. Head, Shoulders, Knees Toes Below you’ll find an extensive list of body parts in the singular form along with examples to demonstrate the various ways to use your newfound vocabulary in real life. ankle la caviglia arm il braccio armpit lascella artery larteria body il corpo bone losso brain il cervello calf il polpaccio chest il torace collarbone la clavicola elbow il gomito finger il dito foot il piede hand la mano heart il cuore heel il calcagno hip lanca index finger lindice knee il ginocchio larynx la laringe leg la gamba middle finger il medio muscle il muscolo nail lunghia nerve il nervo pinkie il mignolo rib la costola ring finger lanulare shoulder la spalla skin la pelle spine la spina dorsale stomach lo stomaco thumb il pollice vein la vena wrist il polso When you change some of the body parts from the singular into the plural form, they might seem strange at first because they don’t follow the regular rules of the ending of a feminine, plural word ending in the letter -e or a masculine, plural word ending in the letter -i. Per esempio L’orecchio (ear) becomes le orecchie (ears)Il braccio (arm) becomes le braccia (arms)Il dito (finger) becomes le dita (fingers)Il ginocchio (knee) becomes le ginocchia (knees) Esempi Mi fa male lo stomaco. - My stomach hurts.Ho mal di testa. - I have a headache.Ho la testa altrove. - My head is somewhere else; I’m not focused.Siamo nelle tue mani. - We’re in your hands; We’re trusting you.L’hai visto? Ha gli addominali a tartaruga! - Did you see him? He has six-pack abs!Devo farmi le unghie. - I need to do my nails; I need to get a manicure.Sei cosà ¬ rosso in viso! - You’re so red in the face!; You’re blushing.Ho un ginocchio messo male. - I have a bad knee. Finally, here are a few proverbs with body parts: Alzarsi con il piede sbagliato – To get up with the wrong foot; idiomatic meaning: to get up on the wrong side of the bed Stamattina, mi sono svegliato/a con il piede sbagliato e finora ho avuto una giornataccia! - This morning I got up with the wrong foot and since then I’ve had such a bad day! Non avere peli sulla lingua – To have no hairs on the tongue; idiomatic meaning: to speak frankly Lui sempre dice cose sprezzanti, non ha davvero peli sulla lingua! - He always says rude things, he truly doesn’t have any hair on the tongue! Essere una persona in gamba/essere in gamba – To be a person in leg; idiomatic meaning: to be a really great, upstanding person Lei mi ha sempre aiutato, à ¨ veramente una persona in gamba. – She’s always helped me, she’s really a good person.

Gonna, Gotta, Wanna

Gonna, Gotta, Wanna Gonna, Gotta, Wanna Gonna, Gotta, Wanna By Maeve Maddox Although not hearing impaired, I watch television with captions enabled. I like to see how words are spelled and how the running text differs from what is actually said by the actors and presenters. When I began to notice a frequency of the spelling gonna for â€Å"going to,† I decided to do a little research. I discovered that gonna has an entry in the OED: gonna: colloquial (especially U.S.) or vulgar pronunciation of â€Å"going to.† Not only gonna, but wanna, gotta, and shoulda also have entries in OED, although they do not appear in Merriam-Webster. Gonna, gotta and wanna are not contractions. Contractions are shortenings like aren’t and can’t. The missing letters have been replaced by an apostrophe, and the original words are discernible in the contraction. Contractions are acceptable in all but the most formal writing. Here are a few standard contractions: aren’t = are not can’t = cannot couldn’t =could not didn’t = did not doesn’t = does not don’t = do not hadn’t = had not hasn’t = has not haven’t = have not he’d = he had, he would he’ll = he will, he shall he’s = he is I’d = I had, I would I’ll = I will, I shall I’ve = I have isn’t = is not it’s = it is let’s = let us The spellings gonna, gotta, and wanna, on the other hand, do not preserve the shape of the words they represent. They are not contractions, but reductions. A linguistic reduction is the result of relaxed pronunciation. All speakers of all languages slur sounds and words together. Doing so is a normal part of spoken language. The more informal the situation, the more slurring goes on. Speakers who are sensitive to the needs of others will speak more carefully in some situations than in others. For example, teenagers who barely move their lips when speaking to one another may be expected to enunciate in the classroom. Courteous native speakers will take the trouble to pronounce words carefully when speaking to non-native speakers. Any English speaker who has received a formal education of ten years or more may be expected to speak clearly when being interviewed on television. Reductions are not unknown in print. Novelists have long spelled out whatcha and coulda in dialogue in order to convey a character’s attributes. Until recently, however, such spellings were not commonly seen outside of fiction. Gonna and gotta are not unexpected in song lyrics and on social media like Facebook, but now they are creeping into news coverage. Here are some examples from transcripts and quotations that have appeared on news sites: â€Å"He’s gonna get to the bottom of what happened at the Fort Hood shooting.† â€Å"I have no doubt she’s gonna run,† says Black. â€Å"We’re gonna try to construct a bipartisan bill.† Reductions heard in speech are not particularly jarring, but when they appear in print, they scream â€Å"Ignorant!† Unless a journalist desires to present a senator in a negative light, â€Å"going to† is a better choice than gonna, even in a direct quotation. Professional writers especially might be expected to avoid nonstandard usage and spelling, but the evidence on Amazon is that for many authors, gonna, gotta, wanna, and even whatcha and coulda are acceptable written English. Here’s a sampling of book titles: Dude, You’re Gonna Be a Dad! 10 Things You Gotta Know About Choosing a College I Wanna Iguana (This one is the title of a children’s book.) Whatcha Gonna Do with that Duck? Coulda Been a Cowboy Time will be the judge. An Ngram search shows that the use of gonna in printed books has risen dramatically since the 1960s, and gotta and wanna are making a little progress. It’s possible that these words will become acceptable in standard English one day. Meanwhile, their use does not reflect well on writers who wish to be taken seriously. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Wether, Weather, WhetherProbable vs. PossibleUsing "zeitgeist" Coherently

Operations management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Operations management - Case Study Example Large production minimizes production cost. CCI has new ways of achieving objectives in Scunthorpe through the application of the Continuous Improvement (CI). CI entails the laid down resources and processes aimed at improving business efficiency.CI incorporates everybody ranging from managerial level to the employees down the structure. Reduction of waste is one of the avenues employed to improve efficiency. The main areas of waste reduction have been identified by the channels already in place. Besides there is a CI culture that is embedded in the CI strategies. The next strategy is the process mapping facilitated by the CI coaches. Maps are made to allow employees to view the requirements of production so as to understand expectation. Everybody at CCI has a target set that has to be met. The final strategy is the use of key performance indicators to not only evaluate production quantitatively but also to determine if the customers’ expectations are met and they are satisfied. Despite the cost involved in the CI process, the benefits are reduction of wastes, improved product quality, minimized rework time, and regaining of custom ers among others. The main points of the article are the overview of the company; the product offered by the company; the stages of producing the product; reasons for production in large scale; and the laid down strategies in place to increase production as well as customer satisfaction. As illuminated from the article, Corus group is company that deals with the production of steal worldwide. It produces steel at large scale since large scale production minimizes costs involved. However, while reading between the line using high definition quality spectacles, the article does not clearly bring out how the strategies through the Continuous Improvement (CI) platform has helped to ensure that customers satisfaction as prioritized. Prioritizing customers’ needs is

Cross of Gold Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cross of Gold - Research Paper Example While the majority of the politicians were more concerned with helping those that funded their campaigns, Bryan was among the very few who were truly concerned for the well-being of his potential voters. He fought for them diligently, knowing that by not allowing silver to be used as currency, people would be pushed over the edge as they would further feel the strain of their out-of-control debts. However, the other politicians wanted gold to remain the only currency, which would mean that citizens would never be able to get out of debt. While silver would mean rampant inflation, it would also increase the nation’s prosperity and provide a quicker solution to the nation’s debt. Unfortunately, gold was the ideal currency for bankers and businesses as there would be no inflation to harm them, and they were reluctant to see it set aside for silver. Bryan was not bothered by the strong stances held by bankers, businessmen, and the politicians who were pro-gold. If anything, Bryan was baffled that politicians, the economy, and citizens alike could greatly benefit from using silver as legal tender, yet still have many people against using silver. Though the arguments against silver could hardly be debated, Bryan felt that the needs of the citizens, â€Å"the struggling masses, who produce the wealth and pay the taxes of the country,†2 especially the farmers, were more important than the greed of bankers and businessmen. Bryan’s famous speech was spoken completely on behalf of the citizens that needed the financial relief, impressing the importance of adding silver to the legal tender that included gold, stating that politicians â€Å"shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold†3. It was Bryan who made it clear the kind of damage that could be caused by not allowing silver to be circulated as legal tender.à ‚  

Immigration from Mexico to the Us Essay Example for Free

Immigration from Mexico to the Us Essay Introduction When you think about the US you think about immigration, both the legal and the illegal immigration. The United States of America is a country buildup around immigration. Ever since the possibility of fleeing chaotic and poverty hit Europe had become a reality, many chose to take the jump and take the long journey against the possibilities country, America. Since the 16th century, where the country was discovered, it has been connected with The American Dream and a new start on life and a possibility to be able to create a better life for yourself, better than the one you knew from your home country and many immigrated for that chance. The only Native Americans are the Indians all others are immigrants, most often more generations old. The US also has the largest and most technologically powerful economy in the world, this means that a lot of people still believe in â€Å"The American Dream† and therefore try to immigrate into the US. We will explain the illegal immigration to the US from Mexico in our task. After that we will look at the pros and cons of the illegal immigration financially. Subsequently we want to analyze which influence the illegal immigration has on the United States economy. Finally wed like to see on what the present president, Obama thinks of the subject and reckon which possibilities it opens up for in the future among other things the Dream act. Country portrait USA The United States of America is a democratic federal republic with more than 9,6 billion km2 and a population of 310 million people. This makes them the third largest and third most populated country in the world. The US gained their freedom from the British Empire in 1776, and had first there been recognized as a nation. Ever since the breakaway from Brittan the US had a lot of issues on the national level. Among other things the civil war in the middle the 19th century. Up through the 19 and 20 century 37 new states was added to the republic, this resulted in the 50 states we know as the United States of American today. It was not until after the Second World War the US took place as a superpower of the world and it has since been the all-dominant power both political and military, which has created the university-polar world community that we know today. The US has one GNP at 15.29 trillion $ which is the largest economy for a single country in the world, GNP growth was in 2011 on 1.7 % which ranks as a no. 162 in the world. The US has a complete workforce on 153.6 million (2011) and GNP per inhabitant on 49,000 USDS (2011) this gives a little misleading picture, since the difference between rich and poor is huge compared countries with less GNP per inhabitant. The US has an unemployment rate on 9 % (2011) and an incredible 15.1 % of the population live under the poverty threshold (2010) the US is the result of a country with large immigration from many different countries over several hundred years, therefore the US is among the top of the countries in the world with most ethnic groups. The main spoken language in the US is English/American 82, 1% of the population speaks that while a staggering 10,7 % of the population only speaks Spanish this creates a lot of barriers and challenges for the country. Issue – Illegal immigration from Mexico Definition The border between the United States and Mexico stretches more than 2.000 miles and has become a symbol of a boiling bowl of political issues between the two countries. It is especially the illegal immigration from Mexico to the United States that are causing problems. Facts * Mexico experienced economic turmoil in 1994, and there has been a large influx of Mexican immigrants ever since * Some 1.1 million people tries to cross the border and gets arrested every year * The Gini-coefficient (which is a measure of statistical dispersion that measures the inequality among values) illustrates the difference between living standards in the US and in Mexico. Where zero is complete equality, 100 is perfect inequality. Mexico has a gini index on 54,6 compared to the US which has a gini index around 46. Push / Pull factors This difference between the two countries might not be clear from the gini index. But there is a huge difference in living standards and possibilities of doing something grater with their lives than what is possible in Mexico. * GDP per capita * Mexico $14.800 * US $49.000 Push factors * Unemployment rate in Mexico may be as high as 25 % * Crime with especially drugs and gun trafficking * 51, 3 % of the population are living below the poverty line * Difficult to develop a higher standard of living Pull factors * Unemployment rate in the US is about 9 % * 15,1 % of the population are living below the poverty line * There are work for the Latinos in the South * Its hard work in the hot sun. Americans just dont want to do it anymore, said Betty Perez, a local rancher. * Noticeable difference in the quality of life between the two countries * Immigrants are chasing the â€Å"American Dream† Future immigrants * Despite a recent report from the Pew Hispanic Center * There will always be immigrants trying to immigrate to a better life * Pull factors are getting lower and this might have an effect / still a huge push factor Issue Linguistic Challenges Definition The linguistic challenges that arise because of the Mexicans’ immigration, have a huge effect on the us. By 2050 the United States will be the biggest Spanish-speaking country in the world. Analyzes * Education system loses quality, because of more Spanish talking students. Dropout rate for Hispanics is increasing. * Hispanic get substandard health care * Available jobs, but the language cause problems * Spanish can be a gateway The education systems lose quality, because of more Spanish talking students. The dropout rate for Hispanic between 16 and 19 years old who have poor English language skills is 59 percent. The Hispanic dropouts in educational institutions results in Hispanics with high an unemployment rate and low paying jobs. Hispanic Immigrants get substandard health care, because they cannot speak English well and not all hospitals have Spanish translators. Some places in the us there’s is actually jobs available for Hispanics, but manufacturing and retail employers can’t hire the immigrants, because of their bad English level, the immigrants aren’t able to be trained and placed in the jobs as well as the job safety requirements. You have to speak English on the job, so nobody has to be around you to tell you what the boss wants or translate out of an instruction manual, said Jose Adame of Horn Lake, Miss. He came from Mexico nine years ago for work, but said he was not able to find a steady job as a machine operator until he improved his English. The growing standard of living among Spanish-talking countries affects the trading. South-America is a way more important country now to trade with, than it was before. Some places it’s actually good to speak Spanish, and can it can be a gateway for a job if you speak Spanish. Issue – Economical ups and downs from immigration Definition The constant wave of immigrants to the US presents some difficulties and some advantages. We will now try to uncover some of the economical ups and downs that have come as a result of immigration in the US. Analyzes Are there economic and social consequences of illegal immigration? Some say Illegal immigrants have cost billions of taxpayer-funded dollars for medical services, others say that they are an asset to the society. * One of Mexicos largest revenue streams (after exports and oil sales) consists of money sent home by legal immigrants and illegal immigrants working in the U.S. * â€Å"All empirical study of illegals economic impact demonstrates that illegal immigrants contribute more than they cost.† – Francine J Mipman, Professor of Law, Business and Economics at Chapman University * Many small cities in the south, close to the Mexican border, wont function without the immigrants. * Recent estimate from the Council of Economic Advisers is that immigrants as a whole (not just illegal immigrants) add about $37 billion a year to the U.S. economy, on net. * It’s typically young uneducated men who immigrate to the US, so they don’t really contribute that much. * Illegal immigration from Mexico caused a 3.6 percent reduction in the wages of non-high school graduates in the U.S. during 1980-2000. Issue – President Obamas immigrations plans for the future Definition In November 2010 the Democrats lost the House and much of their Senate majority, which made it complicated for president Barrack Obama to successfully get his immigration politic reform through the senate. What is Barrack Obama’s immigrations plan for the next 4 years? Facts In 2008 president Obama ran for the president post with immigration as one of his main issues, but there has been a lack of progress on immigrations reforms, which Obama explains with a large Republican opposition, as well as a shift in priorities given the global financial crisis. Even though Barrack Obama admits that the lack of immigrations reforms are the greatest failure of his time as president. One of the main issues of immigration in USA is the deportation of young hard working people, who were brought to the country by their parents. Obama will stop these deportations, and help those young men get an education and be a part of the society. Since the beginning of his time in office, President Obama has worked to build a consensus for Congress to pass comprehensive immigration reform. He plans to continue his efforts to work with Congress to pass a bipartisan immigration reform, and has promised to make it a priority of his second term as president. The President understands the challenges that immigrants face. That’s why he proposed a new rule to keep families together by allowing undocumented spouses and children of U.S. citizens to stay in the country while they begin the legal immigration process. Conclusion / estimate It is incredibly hard to draw any conclusions on the illegal immigrations part, mainly because they are illegal and no one keeps track of them. Some studies shows that the immigrants push the wage level down on certain jobs, but the overall picture is that they contribute to the US economy. The illegal immigrants are not allowed any social services, therefore the cost of having them in the country is low while they take jobs that most Americans aren’t interested in. The legal immigrants pose a different issue, they are eligible to social services, and often ship their money to Mexico to their families, but they also use a steady flow of money in the country, it is more of a 50/50 saturation with the legal immigrants. Obama is going to continually try and make the US better for immigrants, and cut down on deportation of young people who were brought to the country by their parents. Obama will try to get a lot of reforms through the senate, but its going to be hard, depending on how the votes in the house goes at the election. The linguistic challenge presented by the Hispanic speakers in the US is something to take serious. The costs that public institutions in the US have to spend, to please all the Spanish speakers in the US, are huge. The educational challenge is also present here, the standards of the US education system has been dropping as a result of the Spanish speaking students. Method Most of the used statistics have been found online by using CIA, the world factbook. We have used the quantitative method and compared the two countries (Mexico and the US) statistics with each other looking at both economic and social problems. While looking at the numbers and statistics we have been critical and double checked the statistics that we found on different sites both Danish and American. In addition to that we have looked at several articles that have spoken about the issue of immigration both looking at pros and cons. We also watched a film during class in which there where some useful information about immigration from Mexico.

The Evolution of Whales Essay -- Anthropology Essays Paleontology Pape

The Evolution of Whales The origin of modern day whales, a mystery that has puzzled paleontologists for years, may have just been solved with the discovery of an ankle bone. This discovery might sound simple and unimportant, but the bones of these ancient animals hold many unanswered questions and provide solid proof of origin and behavior. The relationship between whales and other animals has proven to be difficult because whales are warm-blooded, like humans, yet they live in the sea. The fact that they are warm-blooded suggests that they are related to some type of land animal. However, the questions of exactly which animal, and how whales evolved from land to water, have remained unanswered until now. In 2000, Dr. Philip D. Gingerich, a paleontologist from the University of Michigan, and his associates discovered two primitive whale fossils in the Balochistan Province of Pakistan. By dating the limestone located in the Habib Rahi Formation of the Balochistan Province, Gingerich estimated these fossils to be about 47 million years old. According to author David Braun of National Geographic News, â€Å"The researchers have classified one, Rodhocetus balochistanensis, as a new species of an existing genus, and the other, Artiocetus clavis, as a new species and new genus† (Braun, 5). The discovery of these two fossils suggests that the closest living relative of these primitive whales could possibly be the modern day hippopotamus. This suggested relationship is based on similarities in the bone structure between the two animals. Hippopotami belong to a group of animals called artiodactyls. This group of animals, which includes deer, camels, sheep, pigs, and cows, are â€Å"named for the even number of fingers and toes... ...ould estimate where they spent most of their time. By the length of the other skeletal bones, the size and shape of the animals could be determined, which also shared insight to its behavior. The largest primitive whales could indeed walk on land, but only did so for short periods because their legs could not take so much weight for long amounts of time. These behaviors allow scientists and paleontologists to understand even more as to how these fascinating and mysterious animals went from ruling on land to taking over the sea. References Braun, David. Ancient Walking Whales Shed Light on Ancestry of Ocean Giants. National Geographic News, September 19, 2001. Retrieved online March 15, 2004. Gingerich, P.D. et al., 2001. Origin of Whales from Early Artiodactyls: Hands and Feet of Eocent Protocetidae from Pakistan. Science, v. 293, p2239-2242.

Aircraft technician Course Program

The documentary analysis will be limited to materials, reports, evaluation and other pertinent data available in the school library and offices. The profile both of the students and faculty are also taken into considerations. TACT- Aircraft Technician Course Aircraft- An aircraft shall mean any contrivance now known or hereafter invented, used or designed for navigation of flight in the air, including airframe, power plant and appliances. Analysis- Analyses the resolution of a compound into each parts.Bibliography- Description of books: a list of books relative to a special subjects. SHED- Commission of Higher Education. Dedication- An inscription or address. Document- Written or printed items for reference or evidence. Data- Plural of : given facts. Faculty- Refers to the teachers are engaged in the full time instruction with the commensurate educational qualification. Goal- Indicate thrust, a direction or target to be attained over given period. Generalization- The result of genera lizing an induction.History- History narration events, past events. Interpretation- act of interpreting, explanation, representation of character on the stage. Knowledge- State or result of knowing, learning, information. Literature- Totality of written and printed works, belles letters. Profile-An outline of anything seen from the side. Significance- Meaning or import. Statistics- The science of classification and arrangement of facts, based on the in the specialized details of a subject. Technical- Pertaining to a particular field of endeavourer as a word or apparatus.This study was conducted , also known as Philippine Air Transport and Training Services is an aeronautical school on Limbos Eve. , San Sister, Parquet City, Metro Manila, Philippines. Founded as Joint enterprise of Filipino and American pioneers in aviation, the Philippine Air Transport Training Services started operations in 1969. It's primary aim was to establish a manufacturing and assembly plant for trainer aircr afts, which at the time of its founding and its new pioneering objective as envisioned by it five founding directors.Its secondary aim was to put up an aeronautical school to meet the domestic and international demands in the fields in aviation and air transportation, At the time of it founding, unfavorable investment climate prevailed. The founders drooped the first aim and proceeded to the secondary aim which was organizing and operating an Aeronautical school to provide the best professional and technical training to the youth. Thus, PATS College of Aeronautics was conformable born. The incorporating directors with experiences in aviation and air transportation.

Pulse Polio

Pulse Polio Pulse Polio is an immunization campaign established by the government of India in 1995-96 to eradicate poliomyelitis (polio) in India by vaccinating all children under the age of five years against polio virus. This project deals with the ways to fight poliomyelitis through a large scale immunization programme, co-operating with various international institutions, state governments and Non Governmental Organizations. In India, vaccination against Polio started in 1978 with Expanded Program in Immunization (EPI). By 1984, it was successful in covering around 40% of all infants, giving 3 doses of OPV to each.In 1985, the Universal Immunization Program (UIP) was launched to cover all the districts of the country. UIP became a part of child safe and survival motherland program (CSSM) in 1992 and Reproductive and Child Health Program (RCH) in 1997. This program led to a significant increase in coverage, up to 95%. The number of reported cases of polio also declined from 28,757 during 1987 to 3,265 in 1995. In 1995, following the Polio Eradication Initiative of World Health Organization (1988), India launched Pulse Polio Immunization Program along with Universal Immunization Program which aimed at 100% coverage.In 2012, India was declared free of polio by WHO. Key objectives The Pulse Polio Initiative (PPI) aims at covering every individual in the country. It aspires to reach even children in remote communities through an improved social mobilization plan. [1] †¢Not a single child should miss the immunization, leaving no chance of polio occurrence. †¢Cases of Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) to be reported in time and stool specimens of them to be collected within 14 days. Outbreak Response Immunization (ORI) to be conducted as early as possible. †¢Maintaining high level of surveillance. Performance of good mop-up operations where polio has disappeared. †¢India to be polio-free by 2005. [1] Steps involved †¢Setting up of booths in al l parts of the country. [1] †¢Initializing walk-in cold rooms, freezer rooms, deep freezers, ice-lined refrigerators and cold boxes for ensuring steady supply of vaccine to booths. †¢Arranging employees, volunteers and vaccines. †¢Ensuring vaccine vial monitor on each vaccine vial. †¢Immunizing children with OPV on National Immunization Days. †¢Identifying missing children from immunization process. †¢Surveillance of efficacy. Study of its success State specific cases-[1]The Gujarat case- In 1998, in Bhavnagar district of Gujarat, immunization officers reported that 98 children out of the total of 2,000 missed the vaccine. Health workers were first prevented from coming to village. Later, when the booths were established and the program did start, lot of parents did not bring their children to the booth. According to them, children from their village developed polio-paralysis even after the immunization. The Bengal Case-[2] Health officers, who visited the village in West Bengal, saw utter discontent amongst the people as they stated that two children contracted the virus after the vaccine.In another instance, parents of a two-and-a-half-year-old child who developed cellulites in the heel were convinced that it had been caused by the vaccine that was given to their child a week before. The doctor who gave the vaccine was forced to pay the entire amount for the child’s treatment. Therefore, the reasons for non-compliance by the people can be anything from lack of attitude to lack of awareness, from vaccinating an ill child to apprehension about the side-effects of polio drops (including fever, loose motion, death, infertility etc. [3] It is found out that poor participation of doctors and nurses, difficulty in maintaining and procuring vaccine, difficulty in procuring vehicles, inadequate support from community members are also reasons why the program has not been completely successful. [4] India free of polio 2012 The last reported case of polio in India was in West Bengal on January 13, 2011. [5] On 25 February, 2012, India was officially struck off the list of polio-endemic countries by the World Health Organization (WHO). [6]

The Main Classifications of Criminal Offenses

The Main Classifications of Criminal Offenses In the United States, there are three primary classifications of criminal offenses - felonies, misdemeanors, and infractions. Each classification is distinguished from each other by the seriousness of the offense and the amount of punishment for which someone convicted of the crime can receive. What Is a Criminal Offense? Criminal offenses are further classified as property crimes or personal crimes. Elected officials on the federal, state, and local levels pass laws that establish which behavior constitutes a crime and what the punishment will be for someone who is found guilty of those crimes. What Is a Felony? Felonies are the most serious classification of crimes, punishable by incarceration of more than a year in prison and in some cases, life in prison without parole or capital punishment. Both property crimes and person crimes can be felonies. Murder, rape, and kidnapping are felony crimes. Armed robbery and grand theft can also be felonies. Not only can the person who committed the crime be charged with a felony, so can anyone who aided or abetted the felon before or during the crime and anyone who became accessories to the crime after it was committed, such as those who help the felon avoid capture. Most states have different classifications of felonies, with increasing penalties for the most serious crimes. Each class of felony crimes has minimum and maximum sentencing guidelines. Crimes that are classified as felonies include: Aggravated AssaultAnimal CrueltyArsonDrug DistributionElder AbuseFelony AssaultGrand TheftKidnappingManslaughterManufacturing of drugsMurderRapeTax EvasionTreason Most states also classify felonies by capital felony, followed by first through fourth degree, depending on the severity. Although each state varies when determining the degree of a felony, most states with capital felony define it as a crime, such as murder, that qualifies for the death penalty or life without parole. Common first-degree felonies include arson, rape, murder, treason, and kidnapping; Second-degree felonies can include arson, manslaughter, drug manufacturing or distribution, child pornography, and child molestation. Third and fourth-degree felonies can include pornography, involuntary manslaughter, burglary, larceny, driving under the influence, and assault and battery. Prison Sentences for Felonies Each state determines the prison sentence handed down for felony crimes based on guidelines determined by the degree of the crime. Class A is usually used to classify the most serious felonies, such as first-degree murder, rape, involuntary servitude of a minor, kidnapping in the first degree, or other crimes that are considered to be heinous. Some Class A felonies carry the toughest penalties, such as the death penalty. Each state has its own set of classifications of criminal laws. A Class B felony is a classification of crimes that are severe, yet not the most serious of crimes. Because a Class B felony is a felony, it carries tough penalties, such as a lengthy prison sentence and extreme fines. Here is an example of Texas and then Floridas felony sentencing guidelines. Texas Sentencing: Capital Felony:  Death or life without parole.First-Degree Felony: Five to 99 years  incarceration  and up to a $10,000 fine.Second-Degree Felony:  Two to 20 years incarceration and up to a $10,000 fine.Third-Degree Felony:  Two to 10 years  incarceration  and up to a $10,000 fine. Florida Maximum Sentencing: Life Felony: Up to life in prison  incarceration  and up to a $15,000 fine.First-Degree Felony: Up to 30 years  incarceration  and up to a $10,000 fine.Second-Degree Felony: Up to 15 years  incarceration  and up to a $10,000 fine.Third-Degree Felony: Up to five years  incarceration  and up to a $5,000 fine. What Is a Misdemeanor? Misdemeanors are crimes that do not rise to the severity of a felony. They are lesser crimes for which the maximum sentence is 12 months or less in jail. The distinction between misdemeanors and felonies lies within the seriousness of the crime. Aggravated assault (beating someone with a baseball bat, for example) is a felony, while simple battery (slapping someone in the face) is a misdemeanor. But some crimes that are usually treated as misdemeanors in the courts can rise to the level of a felony under certain circumstances. For example, in some states, possession of less than an ounce of marijuana is a misdemeanor, but possession of more than an ounce is considered possession with intent to distribute and is treated as a felony. Likewise, an arrest for driving under the influence is usually a misdemeanor, but if anyone was hurt or killed or if it is not the drivers first DUI offense, the charge can become a felony. What Is an Infraction? Infractions are crimes for which jail time is usually not a possible sentence. Sometimes known as petty crimes, infractions are often punishable by fines, which can be paid without even going to court. Most infractions are local laws or ordinances passed as a deterrence to dangerous or nuisance behavior, such as setting speed limits in school zones, no parking zones, traffic laws, or anti-noise ordinances. Infractions can also include operating a business without the proper license or improperly disposing of trash. Under some circumstances, an infraction can rise to the level of a more serious crime. Running a stop sign might be a minor infraction, but not stopping for the sign and causing damage or injury is a more serious offense. Capital Crimes Capital crimes are those which are punishable by death. They are, of course, felonies. The difference between other classes of felonies and capital felonies is the fact that those accused of capital crimes can pay the ultimate penalty, the loss of their life.

How Do You Calculate Your GPA Step by Step Instructions

How Do You Calculate Your GPA Step by Step Instructions SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips How exactly do you take a document as complicated as your transcript and shrink it all down to one number? If you are wondering how to take all the final grades you've gotten in high school and figure out your GPA, then this article will show you exactly how to make that calculation. I'll take you through step by step. What Is a GPA? Most likely, in your high school classes, your final grades are given as letters (A-, B+, etc.) or as percents (92, 85, etc. out of 100). A GPA, or grade point average, first converts those letters or percents into numbers, then averages these numbers together. Because it's made up of all your grades, your GPA is one of the most important factors for college admission. It is a good indicator of your intelligence, work ethic, perseverance, and willingness to push yourself. GPAs are useful for colleges to easily compare you to other students who graduated from your school, and to all the other applicants. Why? Well, imagine you're an admissions officer who is looking at thousands of college applications. Would you rather go through each transcript, add up all the A's and all the B's, and then compare that to the next person, and so on forever? Or would you rather just have an easy summary number that could be used for a quick comparison across the board? Your GPA is that quick summary number. // Turn the hard to eat ingredients of your transcript into the gooey smore deliciousness of a GPA. Probably not with an open flame, though. The Difference Between Weighted and Unweighted GPA There are two main types of GPAs: weighted and unweighted. When schools use unweighted GPAs, they use a scale that goes from 0.0 to 4.0 and doesn't take the difficulty level of classes into account. However, some schools use a weighted GPA model, which takes class difficulty into account by using a scale that goes from 0.0 to 5.0. This gives higher numerical values to grades earned in honors/AP/IB classes. Suppose Jeremy gets an A in standard-level US History while Lakshmi gets an A in AP US History. With unweighted GPAs, both A’s are treated the same- each becomes a 4.0. On the other hand, with a weighted GPA, Jeremy's A would convert to a 4.0, while Lakshmi’s A would convert to a 5.0 to show that her class took a lot more effort to ace. // This article focuses primarily on explaining and calculating unweighted GPAs. For more information on weighted GPAs, check out our other article. Sure, you can pick them up, but doesn't it help to know how much each weighs? How Do You Calculate Your Unweighted GPA? The first thing to do in order to calculate a grade point average is to convert each of the final class grades you’ve gotten so far in high school into the right decimal. Here is the standard unweighted scale for doing this: Letter Grade Percentile GPA A+ 97-100 4.0 A 93-96 4.0 A- 90-92 3.7 B+ 87-89 3.3 B 83-86 3.0 B- 80-82 2.7 C+ 77-79 2.3 C 73-76 2.0 C- 70-72 1.7 D+ 67-69 1.3 D 65-66 1.0 F Below 65 0.0 Then, perform the following calculation: Add all the converted decimal grades together – this is your sum. Count the number of classes you’ve taken. Divide the sum by the number of classes, and you have your unweighted GPA // In the next section, we'll go through an example calculation of an unweighted GPA. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Step of an Unweighted GPA Calculation Let me show you an example of how to calculate an unweighted GPA so you can see how this will look inpractice. (To see how to calculate a weighted GPA, check out our other article.) We'll use a sample transcript for incognito CIA operative John Doe. #1: Convert Grades Into Decimals In order to learn how to calculate a GPA, let’s first convert John's letter grades into numbers: 9th Grade 10th Grade th Grade 12th Grade 3.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 4.0 3.0 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.7 3.7 4.0 3.7 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 3.3 3.0 3.3 3.3 4.0 3.7 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.7 4.0 3.0 3.0 2.7 4.0 3.0 // Let’s also count how many classes he took each of those years: 9th Grade 10th Grade th Grade 12th Grade 10 classes 10 classes 8 classes 6 classes #2: Calculate Individual Year GPAs To get each individual year’s GPA, all we need to do is divide the sum by the number of classes. If this division ends up with a long decimal, simply round to the nearest tenth: 9th Grade 10th Grade th Grade 12th Grade 35 / 10 = 3.5 35.7 / 10 = 3.57 27.7 / 8 = 3.46 19.7 / 6 = 3.28 #3: Calculate Cumulative High School GPA To get a cumulative GPA for John’s entire high school career, we add up the sums for all the years and divide by the number of classes he took over all those years: 35 + 35.7 + 27.7 + 19.7 = 8.1 (sum of all final grades) 10 + 10 + 8 + 6 = 34 (total number of classes taken) 8.1 / 34 = 3.47 (GPA) So, his GPA for all of high school is 3.47. Pro tip:the cumulative GPA is NOT an average of each year because the number of classes taken each year is different. // #4: Calculate GPA Submitted to Colleges (Optional) Finally, if we wanted to figure out the GPA that John would send out on his college applications, we would do the same process, but leave off senior year. Since applications go out in the beginning of 12th grade, those final grades don't make it into the application GPA: 35 + 35.7 + 27.7 = 98.4 (sum of final grades from 9th to th grade) 10 + 10 + 8 = 28 (number of classes taken from 9th to th grade) 98.4 / 28 = 3.5 (college application GPA) John’s application GPA is 3.5. Is nicely done, John! What’s Next? // Interested in diving even deeper into the differences between weighted and unweighted GPA? Check out our guide to the benefits and drawbacks of both. Want to see step-by-step weighted GPA calculation? Let us show you how it’s done. Curious how your GPA compares? See what a good or bad GPA score is, and how you stack up against the average high school student. Want to improve your GPA?Check out our in-depth guide to raising your grades, from a writer who got a perfect 4.0 GPA. Read it for free now:

Impact of external debt on fiscal stability and economic development Case Study

Impact of external debt on fiscal stability and economic development. a of Nigeria - Case Study Example Following nearly 16 years of military rule, a new constitution was adopted in 1999, and a peaceful transition to civilian government was completed. The president faces the daunting task of rebuilding a petroleum-based economy, whose revenues have been squandered through corruption and mismanagement, and institutionalizing democracy. In addition, the NEW administration must defuse longstanding ethnic and religious tensions, if it is to build a sound foundation for economic growth and political stability. Despite some irregularities, the April 2003 elections marked the first civilian transfer of power in Nigeria's history. (Country Profile: Nigeria, Cia.gov) Although some gains were made because of this return of revenue to the regions of derivation, the proportions were actually less than 20% of national revenue totals so in fact the regions experienced very little financial or budgetary momentum, setting up an easy move toward hyper-centralisation of the revenue-sharing system during the era of military rule from 1966-1979. (Suberu, 2002). By the early 1980's Nigeria had become very dependent on oil, which accounted for 96% of export earnings, 81% of government earnings and 22% of GDP (Ogbe, 1992). Oil wealth increased dependence on imported goods while local industries were ignored. Consumption of imported goods became the order of the day. The 1981 oil glut cau... The 1981 oil glut caused the economy to suffer from price distortion and an overvalued currency. Heavy dependence on importation left the government unprepared to deal with a prolonged period of depressed international oil prices. The sharp decline in oil prices affected domestic production, leading to deterioration in the balance of payments and government finances. The government financed the shortfalls by borrowing, drawing down on external reserves, and amassing of debts on external trade payments. Chapter 2 Literature Review (Historical View) The president had shown greater commitment to implementing liberal economic reforms in his second and last term in office, but still faces a huge task to if he is to turn around the corruption ridden, heavily indebted and oil dependent economy. Mr. Obasanjo may also pursue controversial reforms, such as constitutional changes, to shake up Nigeria's crisis-prone political system. However, these are likely to be resisted by powerful groups with vested interests in maintaining the status quo. Given the background of ethnic and religious divisions, widespread poverty and political disillusionment, there is a risk that the reform drive could destabilize the country if not properly managed. However, assuming that the president is able to navigate Nigeria's turbulent political waters and achieve some progress with reform-against the background of ongoing growth in the oil and gas sector. Political outlook - Legislation had been presented to the National Assembly seeking to curb the powers of the trade unions. Given the controversial nature of the proposed reform, the government may have opened a battle with the unions that proves difficult to win while diverting energy from